Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía / Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia

Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. Resultados: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones: Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria. (AU)

Objective: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. Method: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. Results: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions. (AU)

[Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia]. / Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. RESULTS: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.

Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía / Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia

OBJETIVO: Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. RESULTADOS: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. CONCLUSIONES: Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria

OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. RESULTS: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions

Heroína, pero no Superwoman. Evaluación de una formación entre iguales para mujeres con cáncer de mama / Heroine, but no Superwoman. Evaluation of a peer-training activity for women with breast cancer

OBJETIVO: Evaluar una actividad formativa entre iguales para pacientes con cáncer de mama desde la perspectiva de género; conocer los resultados y profundizar en las experiencias de pacientes y profesionales sanitarios participantes. MÉTODO: Diseño multicéntrico mixto (Andalucía, 2017) con un cuestionario de evaluación pretest/postest con 102 pacientes formadas, midiendo hábitos de vida, limitaciones, uso y comunicación con los servicios sanitarios, y autocuidados; y con un análisis de contenido de entrevistas individuales y grupales (con 21 pacientes formadoras y 5 profesionales), centradas en experiencias, necesidades y propuestas de mejora. RESULTADOS: Las pacientes describen una buena salud general, con mejoras en dieta (7 a 7,7 de prestest a postest), limitaciones (se redujeron de 1,93 a 1,64 puntos) y autoeficacia (aumentó de 6,46 a 7,42 puntos), con diferencias significativas por edad, estado civil y nivel de estudios (mayor mejoría entre los perfiles más vulnerables). Las participantes reflejaron los beneficios de la formación en los aspectos personal, relacional, psicoemocional y sociocultural, y expresaron cambios en sus modelos identitarios y de vivencias de roles de género tras la formación. Los ámbitos de mejora fueron las cuestiones organizativas, de evaluación y continuidad de la estrategia formativa. CONCLUSIONES: La estrategia formativa es una experiencia con resultados positivos en la salud física, relacional y emocional de las participantes, y desde la perspectiva de género se constituye como una oportunidad, individual y compartida, para (re)negociar o deconstruir roles de género, en torno a la experiencia del cáncer de mama

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a peer-training intervention for women with breast cancer, from a gender perspective: to discover the results of the intervention and examine in-depth the personal experiences of patients and health professionals participating in the training activity. METHOD: Mixed method multicentre design completed in 2017 in Andalusia (Spain), with a pre and post evaluation questionnaire with 102 patients, measuring life style, limitations, use of health services, communication with professionals and self-management; and content analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 21 patient-trainers and 5 health professionals, looking at experiences, needs and suggestions for improvement. RESULTS: The patients described a good general health status, with improvements of: diet quality (7 in pre-test to 7.7 in post-test), limitations for daily life (from 1.93 to 1.64 points), self-efficacy (from 6.46 to 7.42 points). Age, civil status and level of education generated statistically significant differences, with more improvement in more vulnerable social profiles. Participants revealed the benefits of the peer-training at a personal, relational, psycho-emotional and socio-cultural level and expressed how the training changed their experiences around identity-construction and gender roles. The improvement dimensions related to organization, evaluation and continuity. CONCLUSIONS: The peer-training intervention is a positive experience for women's physical, relational and emotional health and, from a gender perspective, it represents an opportunity, at both individual and group level, to negotiate and deconstruct gender roles when living with breast cancer

[Heroine, but no Superwoman. Evaluation of a peer-training activity for women with breast cancer]. / Heroína, pero no Superwoman. Evaluación de una formación entre iguales para mujeres con cáncer de mama.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a peer-training intervention for women with breast cancer, from a gender perspective: to discover the results of the intervention and examine in-depth the personal experiences of patients and health professionals participating in the training activity. METHOD: Mixed method multicentre design completed in 2017 in Andalusia (Spain), with a pre and post evaluation questionnaire with 102 patients, measuring life style, limitations, use of health services, communication with professionals and self-management; and content analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 21 patient-trainers and 5 health professionals, looking at experiences, needs and suggestions for improvement. RESULTS: The patients described a good general health status, with improvements of: diet quality (7 in pre-test to 7.7 in post-test), limitations for daily life (from 1.93 to 1.64 points), self-efficacy (from 6.46 to 7.42 points). Age, civil status and level of education generated statistically significant differences, with more improvement in more vulnerable social profiles. Participants revealed the benefits of the peer-training at a personal, relational, psycho-emotional and socio-cultural level and expressed how the training changed their experiences around identity-construction and gender roles. The improvement dimensions related to organization, evaluation and continuity. CONCLUSIONS: The peer-training intervention is a positive experience for women's physical, relational and emotional health and, from a gender perspective, it represents an opportunity, at both individual and group level, to negotiate and deconstruct gender roles when living with breast cancer.

La publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas en España y su repercusión en la población adolescente / No disponible

Objetivos: El consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes es un problema de salud pública, condicionado en gran parte por los medios de comunicación y la publicidad. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los mensajes publicitarios de alcohol difundidos en radio y televisión en España y conocer su potencial influencia en los adolescentes. Métodos: Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la publicidad emitida en radio y TV, entre 1 de diciembre de 2006 y 9 de enero de 2007, a través de los siguientes pasos: seleccionar emisoras y canales TV; identificar y grabar la publicidad de programas de radio y TV dirigidos a los y las adolescentes; seleccionar y analizar los spots y cuñas radiofónicas. Las variables del estudio cuantitativo han sido: minutos dedicados a la publicidad de alcohol; análisis de audiencias en la población adolescente; y análisis del número de cuñas emitidas. La parte cualitativa se ha centrado en: marca y eslogan, público al que se dirige, estética, protagonistas del anuncio, valores que se transmiten, carga emocional del mensaje. Resultados: Se detectan 914 anuncios publicitarios de bebidas alcohólicas en TV. El 100% de los programas y eventos deportivos analizados presentan marcas de alcohol. El 26% de los spots y el 50% de las cuñas radiofónicas se dirigen específicamente a los jóvenes y todos muestran una imagen positiva del alcohol, valores de libertad, rebeldía y éxito. Conclusiones: Los adolescentes están expuestos a recurrentes mensajes positivos sobre el alcohol. La información y prevención son medidas claves para combatir la convivencia naturalizada con el alcohol

Objective: Alcohol drinking among adolescents is a problem of public health and it is highly conditioned by media and advertising. The objective of this study is to analyze Spanish television and radio alcohol advertising and promotions and to identify their potential influence on adolescents. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative analysis was made of radio and TV alcohol advertising, emitted between 1 December 2006 and 9 January 2007. The methodological steps were: channel and radio station selection; recording of radio and TV programmes directed to adolescents; selection and analysis of TV and radio spots. The variables in the quantitative analysis were: minutes of advertising, audience analysis in the young people; number of radio spots. The qualitative study referred to: brand and slogan, public to which it is directed, advertising protagonists, values and emotional content of the message. anuncio Results: There were identified 914 TV alcohol advertising. 100% of analyzed programs and sport events included alcohol advertise, with spots being the most usual strategy. 26% of spots were specifically directed to adolescents and all showed a positive image of alcohol. 50% of radio commercials sent values like freedom, diversion, social and sexual success. Conclusions: Adolescents are exposed to recurrent positive messages about alcohol, so information and prevention turn extremely important to reduce the naturalized image of alcohol drinking

Fibromialgia: percepción de pacientes sobre su enfermedad y el sistema de salud. Estudio de investigación cualitativa / Fibromyalgia: Patient perception on their disease and health system. Qualitative research study

Objetivo Conocer la experiencia y vivencia de personas con fibromialgia y sus expectativas sobre el sistema sanitario y sus profesionales. Métodos Diseño cualitativo a través de grupos focales. Se realizaron tres grupos, uno con pacientes que pertenecían a asociaciones de fibromialgia. Participaron 20 mujeres y 1 varón. Se incluyeron personas que recibían atención en el sistema sanitario público, con distintas trayectorias asistenciales y evolución. Se pidió consentimiento informado. Análisis de contenido. Resultados Describen una vivencia difícil con una sintomatología que puede ser incapacitante para las actividades cotidianas. Hasta que reciben el diagnóstico, perciben incomprensión y soledad. Desarrollan distintas estrategias de afrontamiento, como buscar información o asociarse. Esperan del sistema sanitario: atención y diagnósticos ágiles, acceso a consultas, pruebas que necesiten y terapias beneficiosas o impulso a la investigación. Quieren profesionales con formación para abordar la fibromialgia, una actitud proactiva, interés, empatía e información. Discusión La metodología cualitativa fue idónea para profundizar en la experiencia de pacientes. La atención sanitaria debe dirigirse a mejorar su calidad de vida facilitando su proceso asistencial y ofreciendo acompañamiento, interés, comprensión y apoyo(AU)

Objective To know the experiences and expectations of persons with fibromyalgia towards the health system and its professionals. Methods Qualitative study with three focal groups. The first focal group included patients with fibromyalgia, 20 women and 1 man, receiving care in the public health system, with different assistance paths and progression. Informed Consent was required. Content analysis was done. Results Patients describe a difficult experience, with symptoms that may involve incapacity for daily activities. Until knowing their diagnosis, they feel a lack of understanding and also loneliness. They develop different coping strategies, as looking for information or association. From the health system they expect: attention and a fast diagnosis, accessibility to consultations, medical exams and therapies or an impulse for research. They want trained professionals, proactive attitudes, interest, empathy and information. Discussion Qualitative methods seem suitable for delving into patient experience. Health assistance must improve patients’ quality of life, facilitating their assistance process and offering companionship, interest, comprehension and support(AU)

[Fibromyalgia: Patient perception on their disease and health system. Qualitative research study]. / Fibromialgia: percepción de pacientes sobre su enfermedad y el sistema de salud. Estudio de investigación cualitativa.

OBJECTIVE: To know the experiences and expectations of persons with fibromyalgia towards the health system and its professionals. METHODS: Qualitative study with three focal groups. The first focal group included patients with fibromyalgia, 20 women and 1 man, receiving care in the public health system, with different assistance paths and progression. Informed Consent was required. Content analysis was done. RESULTS: Patients describe a difficult experience, with symptoms that may involve incapacity for daily activities. Until knowing their diagnosis, they feel a lack of understanding and also loneliness. They develop different coping strategies, as looking for information or association. From the health system they expect: attention and a fast diagnosis, accessibility to consultations, medical exams and therapies or an impulse for research. They want trained professionals, proactive attitudes, interest, empathy and information. DISCUSSION: Qualitative methods seem suitable for delving into patient experience. Health assistance must improve patients' quality of life, facilitating their assistance process and offering companionship, interest, comprehension and support.